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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Los Angeles |established_title = |established_date = |established_title3 = Incorporated |established_date3 = December 20, 1939 |government_type = Council-manager |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Ellen Perkins |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |unit_pref = US |area_footnotes = |area_total_sq_mi = 4.774 |area_total_km2 = 12.365 |area_land_sq_mi = 4.774 |area_land_km2 = 12.364 |area_water_sq_mi = 0 |area_water_km2 = 0.001 |area_water_percent = 0.01 |area_note = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_ft = 210 |elevation_m = 64 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_note = |population_footnotes = |population_total = 13438 |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_density_km2 = auto |population_metro = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_density_metro_km2 = |timezone = Pacific |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = -7 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 90274 |area_code_type = Area codes |area_code = 310/424 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = |blank1_name = GNIS feature IDs |blank1_info = , |website = |footnotes = }} Palos Verdes Estates is an affluent city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated on the Palos Verdes Peninsula. The city was masterplanned by the noted American landscape architect and planner Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. The population was 13,438 at the 2010 census, up from 13,340 in the 2000 census. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, Palos Verdes Estates is the 81st richest place in the United States with at least 1,000 households (based upon per capita income). The 90274 ZIP code (covering the cities of Palos Verdes Estates and Rolling Hills) was ranked the 47th most expensive housing area among high property value U.S. ZIP codes in a 2007 study by Forbes.com. Palos Verdes is also particularly well known for its high-performing schools, with various national publications ranking the high school between 8th and 44th best in the nation in the 2000s and 2010s.〔https://web.archive.org/web/20040206150050/http://www.pvpusd.k12.ca.us/webprofile/phs.htm〕〔http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/27/america-s-top-high-schools.html〕 The city is located along the Southern California coastline of the Pacific Ocean. There are several accessible beaches although most of the predominantly rocky shoreline is marked by high cliffs. Three noteworthy Palos Verdes Estates surfriding beaches exist among the estate homes along the coastline, and include: Haggerty's (the rock beach below the Neighborhood Church of Palos Verdes, site of the former Haggerty Manor estate), the Palos Verdes Bluff Cove Beach (around the point, south of Haggerty's, which includes "indicator", "little reef", "middle", and "boneyard" surf breaks), and Lunada Bay (occasional large winter waves). Other significant features of the city are the scenic Palos Verdes Golf Club, a challenging 18-hole golf course and country club designed by George C. Thomas Jr and William "Billy" Bell in 1923, and the Palos Verdes Tennis Club. Both premier facilities are restricted for recreational use by city resident-members and guests, and are centrally located within the city. Another popular city landmark atop Palos Verdes Estates is the La Venta Inn. Built in 1923, La Venta Inn was the first known building structure on the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Architects Walter and Pierpont Davis designed the building and the famous landscape architects, the Olmstead brothers, designed its gardens. The La Venta Inn has views of the Southern California coastline.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pvld.mobi/lh/ )〕 ==History== Palos Verdes Estates was established as a subdivision in 1923, with carved out of the former Rancho Palos Verdes property of over . Frank Vanderlip established both a land syndicate holding the Palos Verdes peninsula, and a real estate development trust for the Palos Verdes Estates subdivision.〔Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930. New Haven: Yale University Press, p.5,10.〕 The Commonwealth Trust Company filed the Palos Verdes Protective Restrictions in Los Angeles County in 1923. These restrictions established rules for the developer and all land owners.〔Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930. New Haven: Yale University Press, p.14.〕 The developer was required to set aside half of the land for common use, including roads and parks, but also built bridle paths, a golf course, and retained several miles of coastline free of development.〔Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930. New Haven: Yale University Press, p.11-12.〕〔Kenneth T. Jackson (1985). Crabgrass Frontier: the suburbanization of the United States, New York: Columbia University Press, p.179-180.〕 No less than ninety percent of the remaining land was required to be used for single-family homes.〔 The designers of Palos Verdes Estates, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and Charles Cheney, used deed restrictions as a means of controlling development of the subdivision, even after many of the lots would have been sold.〔Marc A. Weiss (1987). The Rise of the Community Builders: the American real estate industry and urban planning, p.70.〕 The deed restrictions forbade nuisance businesses, such as polluting industries, but also bars and cemeteries. No lot or home could be sold or rented to non-whites. An art jury reviewed all building plans, regulating any structure in regard to style, material, and even small details like color and the pitch of the roof. The construction of fences and hedges were subject to evaluation by the art jury.〔Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930. New Haven: Yale University Press, p.14-18.〕 At the time of the city's incorporation in 1939, the business and shop area around Malaga Cove had most of the Peninsula's earlier buildings. The Malaga Cove Plaza building of the Palos Verdes Public Library, designed by Pasadena architect Myron Hunt, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. Palos Verdes Estates was one of the earliest masterplanned communities in the United States. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palos Verdes Estates, California」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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